Earache can arise from various factors, including infections, injuries, or issues in nearby areas such as the teeth, jaw, or throat. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for appropriate treatment. This guide highlights common types of ear pain and recommended remedies. An outer ear infection, known as otitis externa or ‘swimmer’s ear’, typically occurs when water becomes trapped in the ear after swimming—particularly in lakes, rivers, or swimming pools. The warm and moist environment can encourage bacterial or fungal growth. Treatment options involve gently cleaning the ear canal (usually performed by a doctor using microsuction), administering antibiotic and steroid ear drops to combat infection and inflammation, and taking pain relief medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen to alleviate discomfort.

To prevent ear infections, make sure to thoroughly dry your ears after swimming; tilt your head to allow water to drain out. Use a towel to gently dry your ears, and avoid using cotton buds or inserting any objects into your ears. Consider wearing earplugs or a swim cap to prevent water from entering, especially in natural water environments. A middle-ear infection affects the area behind the eardrum and is more frequently seen in children, often related to colds or sinus issues. Treatment typically involves oral pain relief (such as paracetamol or ibuprofen), with most cases improving within a few days without the need for antibiotics. If symptoms persist or complications arise, antibiotics may be prescribed.

Other sources of ear pain can include barotrauma, where pressure changes from flying or diving lead to discomfort. To alleviate this, use decongestants or nasal sprays before flights or dives to help equalize pressure. Jaw problems, such as TMJ (temporomandibular joint) dysfunction or dental issues, may also cause pain that feels like it is originating from the ear. These cases should be evaluated by a dental or jaw specialist. Seek medical attention if the pain becomes severe, is continuous, affects your hearing, or is accompanied by swelling, discharge, or fever. If you experience unresolved ear pain after swimming, it’s advisable to consult your general practitioner. Avoid inserting anything into your ears and keep them dry, especially in the presence of an infection. Persistent or serious ear pain warrant evaluation by an ENT specialist to exclude serious conditions like tumors or deep infections.

Expert Insights by Gordon Harrison, Chief Audiologist

To effectively manage earache, it is crucial to comprehend the various underlying causes and apply the correct treatments. Ear pain can stem from several conditions such as ear infections, impacted earwax, or throat infections. Ear infections are prevalent, encompassing types like outer and middle ear infections, with symptoms including pain, swelling, and potential discharge.

Impacted earwax leads to discomfort and necessitates professional removal to avoid ear damage. For immediate relief, over-the-counter pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can be effective. Applying warm or cold compresses to the affected ear may also help relieve pain. Elevating your head while sleeping might further reduce pressure in the ear. Should the earache persist, consulting a healthcare professional is critical. An audiologist can conduct a detailed examination and suggest treatments such as ear drops for infections or professional earwax extraction. They can also provide strategies to prevent future earaches, such as keeping ears dry and avoiding insertion of objects into the ear.

Ear pain is quite common in children, especially following a cold. Indicators include rubbing or tugging at the ear, elevated temperature, and restlessness. While home remedies may offer short-term relief, ongoing discomfort necessitates professional evaluation to ensure appropriate treatment and avert potential complications.